Analisis faktor iklim dan distribusi larva Aedes aegypti di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Betungan dan Puskesmas Sukamerindu Kota Bengkulu

MARIAM, OLGA ADELIA and Kermelita, Deri (2026) Analisis faktor iklim dan distribusi larva Aedes aegypti di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Betungan dan Puskesmas Sukamerindu Kota Bengkulu. Diploma thesis, Poltekkes Kemenkes Bengkulu.

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Abstract

Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat di Kota Bengkulu dengan jumlah kasus yang berfluktuasi setiap tahunnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kondisi faktor iklim dan distribusi larva Aedes aegypti berdasarkan indikator entomologi di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Betungan dan Puskesmas Sukamerindu. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif observasional dengan desain potong lintang, yang dilaksanakan pada periode Desember 2025 hingga Mei 2026. Data iklim diperoleh dari Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofisika (BMKG), sedangkan data larva dikumpulkan melalui survei lapangan terhadap 200 rumah dan 321 tempat penampungan air. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Kota Bengkulu memiliki suhu udara rata-rata 26,7–27,7°C, kelembapan udara 85–87%, curah hujan berkisar antara 231–407 mm per bulan, dan kecepatan angin 4–6 knot. Kondisi ini berada pada kisaran yang optimal bagi perkembangan dan kelangsungan hidup nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Secara keseluruhan diperoleh nilai indikator entomologi: Indeks Rumah (HI) sebesar 19,5%, Indeks Kontainer (CI) 17,4%, Indeks Breteau (BI) 28, dan Angka Bebas Jentik (ABJ) 80,5%. Kepadatan larva lebih tinggi ditemukan di wilayah Puskesmas Betungan (HI = 26,0%, CI = 23,7%, BI = 42) dibandingkan Puskesmas Sukamerindu (HI = 13,0%, CI = 9,7%, BI = 14). Nilai ABJ di kedua wilayah masih berada di bawah target nasional yaitu ≥95%. Disimpulkan bahwa kondisi iklim mendukung keberlangsungan hidup Aedes aegypti, dan kepadatan larva masih tergolong cukup tinggi sehingga risiko penularan DBD tetap ada. Disarankan untuk memperkuat pengawasan vektor secara rutin, melaksanakan kegiatan Pemberantasan Sarang Nyamuk (PSN) secara teratur, serta meningkatkan partisipasi masyarakat guna menekan kepadatan larva dan mencapai target nasional rumah bebas jentik. Kata kunci: Iklim, Distribusi larva, Aedes aegypti, Indikator entomologi, Kota Bengkulu ANALYSIS OF CLIMATIC FACTORS AND DISTRIBUTION OF AEDES AEGYPTI LARVAE IN THE WORK AREAS OF BETUNGAN AND SUKAMERINDU COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTERS, BENGKULU CITY Department of Environmental Health, 2026 XIII + 59 pages + Appendices Olga Adelia Mariam Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) remains a persistent public health problem in Bengkulu City, with annual fluctuations in reported cases. This study aims to analyze climatic conditions and the distribution of Aedes aegypti larvae based on entomological indicators in the work areas of Betungan and Sukamerindu Community Health Centers. The research uses a descriptive observational method with a cross‑sectional design, conducted from December 2025 to May 2026. Climatic data were obtained from the Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics Agency (BMKG), while larval data were collected through field surveys covering 200 households and 321 water storage containers. Results show that Bengkulu City has an average temperature of 26.7–27.7 °C, relative humidity of 85–87 %, rainfall ranging from 231 to 407 mm per month, and wind speed of 4–6 knots—all conditions within the optimal range for the development and survival of Aedes aegypti. Overall entomological indicators were: House Index (HI) 19.5 %, Container Index (CI) 17.4 %, Breteau Index (BI) 28, and Larva‑Free Rate (LFR) 80.5 %. Higher larval densities were recorded in Betungan (HI = 26.0 %, CI = 23.7 %, BI = 42) compared to Sukamerindu (HI = 13.0 %, CI = 9.7 %, BI = 14). The LFR in both areas remained below the national target of ≥ 95 %. In conclusion, the prevailing climatic conditions support the life cycle of Aedes aegypti, and larval density is still relatively high, indicating an ongoing risk of DHF transmission. It is recommended to strengthen regular vector surveillance, implement systematic Mosquito Nest Eradication activities, and increase community participation to reduce larval density and meet the national target of larva‑free households.

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